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| *Isaiah Bible Study \\ Introduction to the Book of Isaiah* |
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\\ *INTRODUCTION TO ISAIAH*
*I.*
*OPENING STATEMENTS*
A.
Isaiah is quoted more often in the NT than any other prophet (over 411).
His message was one of:
1.
one God,
2.
one world,
3.
one faith.
B.
Isaiah is wonderfully Messianic:
1.
the special children, chapters 7–14,
2.
the Servant Songs, chapters 42:1–9; 49:1–7; 50:4–11; 52:13–53:12,
3.
the future Messianic Kingdom (New Age), chapters 56–66
C.
E.
J. Young, in /An Introduction to the Old Testament/, has said:
1.
“The book of Isaiah is rightly considered the greatest of the OT prophecies” p. 168.
2.
“Of all the prophets of Israel, Isaiah understood most completely the mind of God and His plan for the ages” p. 171
3.
“In spiritual insight he is unsurpassed in all the OT” p. 172
*II.*
*THE NAME OF THE BOOK*
A.
The book is named after its prophetic spokesman.
B.
The name means “salvation of YHWH” or “YHWH saves.”
The Hebrew names that end in “iah” are an abbreviation of YHWH, as are the names that begin in English with a “j” and a vowel, example Joshua and Joel.
*III.*
*CANONIZATION*
A.
This is the first of the four scrolls of the Latter Prophets:
1.
Isaiah
2.
Jeremiah
3.
Ezekiel
4.
the Twelve (minor prophets)
B.
It was accepted early and completely into the sacred writings of the Israelites.
*IV.*
*GENRE*
A.
Isaiah’s literary skills surpass all OT prophets.
His word plays and poetry are majestic and intriguing.
The book is mostly poetry.
B.
It is difficult to sit down and read all of Isaiah at one time.
It is difficult to outline the book.
This is because Isaiah was a preacher, not an author or editor.
His book records his spoken messages.
There are linked together, sometimes:
1.
by theme,
2.
by chronology,
3.
by the cultural norms of the Ancient Near East which are so different from our own.
*V.*
*AUTHORSHIP*
A.
Jewish views of authorship
1.
The Talmud’s Baba Bathra 15a said Hezekiah and his men wrote (i.e.
edited or compiled) Isaiah, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes and Song of Songs.
This implies the entire book is from the prophet.
2.
Ben Sirah, in “Ecclesiasticus 49:17–25, written about 185 b.c., said, “Isaiah, son of Amoz,” wrote the book (1:1; 12:1; 13:1).
3.
II Chronicles 32:32 attests to Isaiah’s vision and the parallel in Kings (II Kgs.
18:19–20:19.)
a.
from wealthy noble family in Jerusalem, possibly even a cousin to King Uzziah.
(1) some evidence that “iah,” which is an abbreviation of YHWH, was practiced almost exclusively among Judah’s royalty.
(2) Isaiah’s access to the King also lends support to his possible family connection.
(3) cf.
Talmud, “Meg.”
10b
b.
married a prophetess (8:3)
(1) first son, “Shear-Jashub,” which means “a remnant shall return”
(2) second son, “Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz” (8:3) which means “speed the spoil, haste the booty”
c.
Isaiah had one of the longest prophetic ministries of any of the OT prophets.
He was God’s spokesman in Judah from the reign of Jotham (742–735 b.c.) to that of Hezekiah (715–687 b.c.) with the possibility of into the reign of Manasseh (687–642 b.c.); Manasseh was possibly co-regent from 696 b.c.
d.
if II Chron.
26:22 refers to Isaiah then he was the official scribe and keeper of the official chronicles of the king.
e.
traditions said he was sawed in two during Manasseh’s reign.
4.
Moses ben Samuel Ibn Gekatilla, about ad 110, said that chapters 1–39 are Isaiah’s but chapters 40–66 were written during the Second Temple period (Persian Period, 538–430 b.c.)
5.
Ibn Ezra (ad 1092–1167) followed Gekatilla’s lead and denied chapters 40–66 to Isaiah.
B.
Modern scholarship’s views of authorship
1.
A good historical summary is found in R. K. Harrison’s /Introduction to the Old Testament/, Eerdmans, 1969.
2.
A good discussion of the technical reasons for asserting two authors can be found in S. R. Drivers’ /Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament/, reprint 1972.
3.
No Hebrew or Greek (LXX) manuscripts have ever been found which show a division between chapters 1–39 and 40–66.
a.
There is a two line space at the end of chapter 33 in the Dead Sea Scrolls.
This implies a dividion at this point, not chapter 39.
b.
There seems to be a parallel structure between 1–33 and 34–66.
This dual structure based on the author’s own day and then the future, was common in the Hebrew prophets (cf.
Ezekiel, Daniel and Zechariah).
4.
Modern scholarship has no unanimity as to how many authors or where to divide the book.
C.
Some reasons for the unity of Isaiah
1.
Twenty-five terms are found in both sections of Isaiah which are not found elsewhere in the OT (NIV), Intro.
to Isaiah, p. 1014).
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