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The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary Holy Spirit
HOLY SPIRIT. The manifestation of divine presence and power perceptible especially in prophetic inspiration. The concept was only incidental in late biblical thought, but developed in early Judaism and Christianity to a fundamental dogma. Theological conceptions or teachings concerning the spirit are referred to as pneumatology.
Jesus' Virgin BirthNatureMt 1:18–25
The Spirit Descends Like a DoveNatureMt 3:16
The Spirit Descends Like a DoveNatureMk 1:10
Jesus' Virgin BirthNatureLk 2:6–7
The Spirit Descends Like a DoveNatureLk 3:21–22
The Holy Spirit Comes at PentecostProvisionAc 2:2–3
The Disciples Speak Other LanguagesNatureAc 2:4–13
Ananias Is Struck DeadJudgmentAc 5:3–5
Sapphira Is Struck DeadJudgmentAc 5:7–10
The Spirit of the Lord Snatches PhilipNatureAc 8:39–40
Gift of Holy Spirit
Synopsis
In the OT the gift of the Holy Spirit was restricted to individuals for particular tasks, but at Pentecost and on subsequent occasions, the Holy Spirit is given to all believers.
The gift of the Holy Spirit in the OT
The Spirit is given to individuals for specific tasks
1 Sa 10:6 to Saul, for kingship; Ex 31:2–5 to Bezalel, for craftsmanship
1 Samuel 10:6 (NKJV) — 6 Then the Spirit of the Lord will come upon you, and you will prophesy with them and be turned into another man.
Exodus 31:2–5 (NKJV) — 2 “See, I have called by name Bezalel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah. 3 And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, 4 to design artistic works, to work in gold, in silver, in bronze, 5 in cutting jewels for setting, in carving wood, and to work in all manner of workmanship.
The gift of the Spirit can be withdrawn
1 Sa 16:14; Ps 51:11
1 Samuel 16:14 (NKJV) — 14 But the Spirit of the Lord departed from Saul, and a distressing spirit from the Lord troubled him.
Psalm 51:11 (NKJV) — 11 Do not cast me away from Your presence, And do not take Your Holy Spirit from me.
See also Jdg 16:20; 1 Ki 22:24
Judges 16:20 (NKJV) — 20 And she said, “The Philistines are upon you, Samson!” So he awoke from his sleep, and said, “I will go out as before, at other times, and shake myself free!” But he did not know that the Lord had departed from him.
1 Kings 22:24 (NKJV) — 24 Now Zedekiah the son of Chenaanah went near and struck Micaiah on the cheek, and said, “Which way did the spirit from the Lord go from me to speak to you?”
The gift of the Holy Spirit is foretold
He is promised by John the Baptist
Mt 3:11
Matthew 3:11 (NKJV) — 11 I indeed baptize you with water unto repentance, but He who is coming after me is mightier than I, whose sandals I am not worthy to carry. He will baptize you with the Holy Spirit and fire.
He is promised by Jesus Christ
Lk 24:49; Jn 7:37–39; Jn 14:16; Jn 14:26; Jn 15:26; Jn 16:7; Ac 1:4–5; Ac 1:8; Ac 11:16
Luke 24:49 (NKJV) — 49 “Behold, I send the Promise of My Father upon you; but tarry in the city of Jerusalem until you are endued with power from on high.”
John 7:37–39 (NKJV) — 37 On the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried out, saying, “If anyone thirsts, let him come to Me and drink. 38 He who believes in Me, as the Scripture has said, out of his heart will flow rivers of living water.” 39 But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.
John 14:16 (NKJV) — 16 And I will pray the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever—
John 14:26 (NKJV) — 26 But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you.
John 15:26 (NKJV) — 26 “But when the Helper comes, whom I shall send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth who proceeds from the Father, He will testify of Me.
John 16:7 (NKJV) — 7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth. It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send Him to you.
Acts 1:4–5 (NKJV) — 4 And being assembled together with them, He commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the Promise of the Father, “which,” He said, “you have heard from Me; 5 for John truly baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
Acts 1:8 (NKJV) — 8 But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”
Acts 11:16 (NKJV) — 16 Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, ‘John indeed baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’
The gift of the Holy Spirit before Pentecost
Individuals filled with the Spirit
Lk 1:15
Luke 1:15 (NKJV) — 15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink. He will also be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.
See also Lk 1:41; Lk 1:67; Lk 2:25–27
Luke 1:41 (NKJV) — 41 And it happened, when Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary, that the babe leaped in her womb; and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
Luke 1:67 (NKJV) — 67 Now his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying:
Luke 2:25–27 (NKJV) — 25 And behold, there was a man in Jerusalem whose name was Simeon, and this man was just and devout, waiting for the Consolation of Israel, and the Holy Spirit was upon him. 26 And it had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord’s Christ. 27 So he came by the Spirit into the temple. And when the parents brought in the Child Jesus, to do for Him according to the custom of the law,
Jesus Christ receives the gift of the Spirit
Mt 3:16
Matthew 3:16 (NKJV) — 16 When He had been baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened to Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting upon Him.
Jesus Christ bids his disciples receive the Holy Spirit
See also Jn 20:22
John 20:22 (NKJV) — 22 And when He had said this, He breathed on them, and said to them, “Receive the Holy Spirit.
The gift of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost and after
At Pentecost
Ac 2:2–4
Acts 2:2–4 (NKJV) — 2 And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3 Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them. 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
See also Ac 2:33
Acts 2:33 (NKJV) — 33 Therefore being exalted to the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, He poured out this which you now see and hear.
The Spirit was given on later occasions
Ac 10:44
Acts 10:44 (NKJV) — 44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all those who heard the word.
See also Ac 8:15–17; Ac 9:17; Ac 19:6; Ga 3:5; Heb 2:4
Acts 8:15–17 (NKJV) — 15 who, when they had come down, prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit. 16 For as yet He had fallen upon none of them. They had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 17 Then they laid hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
Acts 9:17 (NKJV) — 17 And Ananias went his way and entered the house; and laying his hands on him he said, “Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you came, has sent me that you may receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”
Acts 19:6 (NKJV) — 6 And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues and prophesied.
Galatians 3:5 (NKJV) — 5 Therefore He who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you, does He do it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
Hebrews 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 God also bearing witness both with signs and wonders, with various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to His own will?
The gift of the Spirit is for all believers
Ac 2:38–39
Acts 2:38–39 (NKJV) — 38 Then Peter said to them, “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are afar off, as many as the Lord our God will call.”
See also Ac 2:17; Ac 5:32; Ac 10:45; Ac 11:17; Ac 15:8; Ro 8:9; Ga 3:14; 1 Th 4:8; Heb 2:4
Acts 2:17 (NKJV) — 17 ‘And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, That I will pour out of My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your young men shall see visions, Your old men shall dream dreams.
Acts 5:32 (NKJV) — 32 And we are His witnesses to these things, and so also is the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey Him.”
Acts 10:45 (NKJV) — 45 And those of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also.
Acts 11:17 (NKJV) — 17 If therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could withstand God?”
Acts 15:8 (NKJV) — 8 So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us,
Romans 8:9 (NKJV) — 9 But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His.
Galatians 3:14 (NKJV) — 14 that the blessing of Abraham might come upon the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, that we might receive the promise of the Spirit through faith.
1 Thessalonians 4:8 (NKJV) — 8 Therefore he who rejects this does not reject man, but God, who has also given us His Holy Spirit.
Hebrews 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 God also bearing witness both with signs and wonders, with various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to His own will?
God’s willingness to give the Spirit
Lk 11:13
Luke 11:13 (NKJV) — 13 If you then, being evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him!”
See also Jn 3:34
John 3:34 (NKJV) — 34 For He whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God does not give the Spirit by measure.
God’s purposes require the gift of the Holy Spirit
To give assurance of acceptance by God
Ac 15:8
Acts 15:8 (NKJV) — 8 So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us,
See also Ac 10:47; Ac 11:17; 1 Jn 3:24; 1 Jn 4:13
Acts 10:47 (NKJV) — 47 “Can anyone forbid water, that these should not be baptized who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”
Acts 11:17 (NKJV) — 17 If therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could withstand God?”
1 John 3:24 (NKJV) — 24 Now he who keeps His commandments abides in Him, and He in him. And by this we know that He abides in us, by the Spirit whom He has given us.
1 John 4:13 (NKJV) — 13 By this we know that we abide in Him, and He in us, because He has given us of His Spirit.
To convict the world of sin
Jn 16:7–8; Ac 2:37
John 16:7–8 (NKJV) — 7 Nevertheless I tell you the truth. It is to your advantage that I go away; for if I do not go away, the Helper will not come to you; but if I depart, I will send Him to you. 8 And when He has come, He will convict the world of sin, and of righteousness, and of judgment:
Acts 2:37 (NKJV) — 37 Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Men and brethren, what shall we do?”
To provide spiritual gifts
Ac 2:4; Ac 10:45–46; Ac 19:6; 1 Co 12:4–11
Acts 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
Acts 10:45–46 (NKJV) — 45 And those of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also. 46 For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter answered,
Acts 19:6 (NKJV) — 6 And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues and prophesied.
1 Corinthians 12:4–11 (NKJV) — 4 There are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. 5 There are differences of ministries, but the same Lord. 6 And there are diversities of activities, but it is the same God who works all in all. 7 But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to each one for the profit of all: 8 for to one is given the word of wisdom through the Spirit, to another the word of knowledge through the same Spirit, 9 to another faith by the same Spirit, to another gifts of healings by the same Spirit, 10 to another the working of miracles, to another prophecy, to another discerning of spirits, to another different kinds of tongues, to another the interpretation of tongues. 11 But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually as He wills.
To work miracles, signs and wonders
Ro 15:18–19; Ga 3:5; Heb 2:4
Romans 15:18–19 (NKJV) — 18 For I will not dare to speak of any of those things which Christ has not accomplished through me, in word and deed, to make the Gentiles obedient—19 in mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God, so that from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ.
Galatians 3:5 (NKJV) — 5 Therefore He who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you, does He do it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
Hebrews 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 God also bearing witness both with signs and wonders, with various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit, according to His own will?
To give boldness in preaching and witnessing
Ac 1:8
Acts 1:8 (NKJV) — 8 But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”
See also Ac 4:31; Ac 5:32
Acts 4:31 (NKJV) — 31 And when they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken; and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
Acts 5:32 (NKJV) — 32 And we are His witnesses to these things, and so also is the Holy Spirit whom God has given to those who obey Him.”
To cultivate the fruit of the Spirit
Ro 14:17
Romans 14:17 (NKJV) — 17 for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit.
See also Ro 5:5; Ro 15:13; Ga 5:16
Romans 5:5 (NKJV) — 5 Now hope does not disappoint, because the love of God has been poured out in our hearts by the Holy Spirit who was given to us.
Romans 15:13 (NKJV) — 13 Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.
Galatians 5:16 (NKJV) — 16 I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh.
To sanctify the believer
2 Th 2:13; 1 Pe 1:2
2 Thessalonians 2:13 (NKJV) — 13 But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth,
1 Peter 1:2 (NKJV) — 2 elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, for obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace to you and peace be multiplied.
Anointing of Holy Spirit
Synopsis
“Anoint” means to set someone apart, to authorise and equip him or her for a task of spiritual importance. Jesus Christ is set apart by the work of the Holy Spirit for his ministry of preaching, healing and deliverance. The Holy Spirit sets Christians apart for their ministry in Christ’s name.
Jesus Christ anointed by the Holy Spirit
The Messiah’s anointing is predicted
Is 61:1–3 “Messiah” means “anointed one”.
Isaiah 61:1–3 (NKJV) — 1 “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon Me, Because the Lord has anointed Me To preach good tidings to the poor; He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to the captives, And the opening of the prison to those who are bound; 2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, And the day of vengeance of our God; To comfort all who mourn, 3 To console those who mourn in Zion, To give them beauty for ashes, The oil of joy for mourning, The garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness; That they may be called trees of righteousness, The planting of the Lord, that He may be glorified.”
The Spirit anoints Jesus Christ at the start of his ministry
Mt 3:16; Ac 10:38
Matthew 3:16 (NKJV) — 16 When He had been baptized, Jesus came up immediately from the water; and behold, the heavens were opened to Him, and He saw the Spirit of God descending like a dove and alighting upon Him.
Acts 10:38 (NKJV) — 38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him.
Jesus Christ declares his anointing
Lk 4:18–21
Luke 4:18–21 (NKJV) — 18 “The Spirit of the Lord is upon Me, Because He has anointed Me To preach the gospel to the poor; He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to the captives And recovery of sight to the blind, To set at liberty those who are oppressed; 19 To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord.” 20 Then He closed the book, and gave it back to the attendant and sat down. And the eyes of all who were in the synagogue were fixed on Him. 21 And He began to say to them, “Today this Scripture is fulfilled in your hearing.”
See also Is 61:1–2
Isaiah 61:1–2 (NKJV) — 1 “The Spirit of the Lord God is upon Me, Because the Lord has anointed Me To preach good tidings to the poor; He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, To proclaim liberty to the captives, And the opening of the prison to those who are bound; 2 To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, And the day of vengeance of our God; To comfort all who mourn,
The first Christians declare Jesus Christ’s anointing
Ac 4:26–27
Acts 4:26–27 (NKJV) — 26 The kings of the earth took their stand, And the rulers were gathered together Against the Lord and against His Christ.’ 27 “For truly against Your holy Servant Jesus, whom You anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, with the Gentiles and the people of Israel, were gathered together
Evidence pointing to the Spirit’s anointing in Jesus Christ’s ministry
See also Mt 4:23–25; Mt 7:28–29; Mt 12:28; Lk 4:14–15; Lk 5:17; Lk 6:19; Lk 7:14–15
Matthew 4:23–25 (NKJV) — 23 And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in their synagogues, preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing all kinds of sickness and all kinds of disease among the people. 24 Then His fame went throughout all Syria; and they brought to Him all sick people who were afflicted with various diseases and torments, and those who were demon-possessed, epileptics, and paralytics; and He healed them. 25 Great multitudes followed Him—from Galilee, and from Decapolis, Jerusalem, Judea, and beyond the Jordan.
Matthew 7:28–29 (NKJV) — 28 And so it was, when Jesus had ended these sayings, that the people were astonished at His teaching, 29 for He taught them as one having authority, and not as the scribes.
Matthew 12:28 (NKJV) — 28 But if I cast out demons by the Spirit of God, surely the kingdom of God has come upon you.
Luke 4:14–15 (NKJV) — 14 Then Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit to Galilee, and news of Him went out through all the surrounding region. 15 And He taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.
Luke 5:17 (NKJV) — 17 Now it happened on a certain day, as He was teaching, that there were Pharisees and teachers of the law sitting by, who had come out of every town of Galilee, Judea, and Jerusalem. And the power of the Lord was present to heal them.
Luke 6:19 (NKJV) — 19 And the whole multitude sought to touch Him, for power went out from Him and healed them all.
Luke 7:14–15 (NKJV) — 14 Then He came and touched the open coffin, and those who carried him stood still. And He said, “Young man, I say to you, arise.” 15 So he who was dead sat up and began to speak. And He presented him to his mother.
Believers anointed by the Holy Spirit
The Spirit anoints God’s chosen people
2 Sa 23:1–2 Samuel
2 Samuel 23:1–2 (NKJV) — 1 Now these are the last words of David. Thus says David the son of Jesse; Thus says the man raised up on high, The anointed of the God of Jacob, And the sweet psalmist of Israel: 2 “The Spirit of the Lord spoke by me, And His word was on my tongue.
Anointing enables Christians to stand firm
2 Co 1:21–22
2 Corinthians 1:21–22 (NKJV) — 21 Now He who establishes us with you in Christ and has anointed us is God, 22 who also has sealed us and given us the Spirit in our hearts as a guarantee.
Anointing guards Christians against falsehood
1 Jn 2:20; 1 Jn 2:27
1 John 2:20 (NKJV) — 20 But you have an anointing from the Holy One, and you know all things.
1 John 2:27 (NKJV) — 27 But the anointing which you have received from Him abides in you, and you do not need that anyone teach you; but as the same anointing teaches you concerning all things, and is true, and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, you will abide in Him.
Baptism with Holy Spirit
Synopsis
A divine act, promised by John the Baptist and by Jesus Christ, whereby the Holy Spirit initiates Christians into realised union and communion with the glorified Jesus Christ, thus equipping and enabling them for sanctity and service.
Baptism with the Holy Spirit promised
John the Baptist anticipates baptism with the Spirit
Jn 1:33
John 1:33 (NKJV) — 33 I did not know Him, but He who sent me to baptize with water said to me, ‘Upon whom you see the Spirit descending, and remaining on Him, this is He who baptizes with the Holy Spirit.’
Jesus Christ promises baptism with the Spirit
Ac 1:4–5
Acts 1:4–5 (NKJV) — 4 And being assembled together with them, He commanded them not to depart from Jerusalem, but to wait for the Promise of the Father, “which,” He said, “you have heard from Me; 5 for John truly baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
See also Lk 24:49; Ac 1:8
Luke 24:49 (NKJV) — 49 “Behold, I send the Promise of My Father upon you; but tarry in the city of Jerusalem until you are endued with power from on high.”
Acts 1:8 (NKJV) — 8 But you shall receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you; and you shall be witnesses to Me in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”
The gift of the Holy Spirit followed Jesus Christ’s glorification
Ac 2:33
Acts 2:33 (NKJV) — 33 Therefore being exalted to the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, He poured out this which you now see and hear.
See also Jn 7:39
John 7:39 (NKJV) — 39 But this He spoke concerning the Spirit, whom those believing in Him would receive; for the Holy Spirit was not yet given, because Jesus was not yet glorified.
Instances of baptism with the Holy Spirit
Ac 2:2–4 at Pentecost
Acts 2:2–4 (NKJV) — 2 And suddenly there came a sound from heaven, as of a rushing mighty wind, and it filled the whole house where they were sitting. 3 Then there appeared to them divided tongues, as of fire, and one sat upon each of them. 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
On subsequent occasions:
Ac 8:15–17; Ac 10:44–47; Ac 19:6
Acts 8:15–17 (NKJV) — 15 who, when they had come down, prayed for them that they might receive the Holy Spirit. 16 For as yet He had fallen upon none of them. They had only been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus. 17 Then they laid hands on them, and they received the Holy Spirit.
Acts 10:44–47 (NKJV) — 44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all those who heard the word. 45 And those of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also. 46 For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter answered, 47 “Can anyone forbid water, that these should not be baptized who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”
Acts 19:6 (NKJV) — 6 And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues and prophesied.
A work of God recognised by Jewish Christians as experienced by Gentiles:
Ac 10:46–47; Ac 11:15–17; Ac 15:8
Acts 10:46–47 (NKJV) — 46 For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter answered, 47 “Can anyone forbid water, that these should not be baptized who have received the Holy Spirit just as we have?”
Acts 11:15–17 (NKJV) — 15 And as I began to speak, the Holy Spirit fell upon them, as upon us at the beginning. 16 Then I remembered the word of the Lord, how He said, ‘John indeed baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit.’ 17 If therefore God gave them the same gift as He gave us when we believed on the Lord Jesus Christ, who was I that I could withstand God?”
Acts 15:8 (NKJV) — 8 So God, who knows the heart, acknowledged them by giving them the Holy Spirit, just as He did to us,
The gift of the Holy Spirit is for all believers at the outset of their Christian lives
Ac 2:38–39
Acts 2:38–39 (NKJV) — 38 Then Peter said to them, “Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39 For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are afar off, as many as the Lord our God will call.”
See also Ac 2:16–18; Joe 2:28–29; Ga 3:2–5
Acts 2:16–18 (NKJV) — 16 But this is what was spoken by the prophet Joel: 17 ‘And it shall come to pass in the last days, says God, That I will pour out of My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your young men shall see visions, Your old men shall dream dreams. 18 And on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days; And they shall prophesy.
Joel 2:28–29 (NKJV) — 28 “And it shall come to pass afterward That I will pour out My Spirit on all flesh; Your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, Your old men shall dream dreams, Your young men shall see visions. 29 And also on My menservants and on My maidservants I will pour out My Spirit in those days.
Galatians 3:2–5 (NKJV) — 2 This only I want to learn from you: Did you receive the Spirit by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?—3 Are you so foolish? Having begun in the Spirit, are you now being made perfect by the flesh? 4 Have you suffered so many things in vain—if indeed it was in vain? 5 Therefore He who supplies the Spirit to you and works miracles among you, does He do it by the works of the law, or by the hearing of faith?
This gift of the Holy Spirit links believers together in the one body of Christ
1 Co 12:13
1 Corinthians 12:13 (NKJV) — 13 For by one Spirit we were all baptized into one body—whether Jews or Greeks, whether slaves or free—and have all been made to drink into one Spirit.
Filling with Holy Spirit
Synopsis
To be filled with the Holy Spirit is to be energised and controlled by the third person of the Godhead in such a way that under the acknowledged lordship of Jesus Christ the full presence and power of God are experienced. Spirit-filling leads to renewal, obedience, boldness in testimony and an arresting quality in believers’ lives.
People filled with the Holy Spirit before the ministry of Jesus Christ
In the OT
Ex 31:3 Bezalel filled with the Spirit for artwork on the tabernacle; Dt 34:9 Joshua filled with the Spirit to succeed Moses
Exodus 31:3 (NKJV) — 3 And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,
Deuteronomy 34:9 (NKJV) — 9 Now Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him; so the children of Israel heeded him, and did as the Lord had commanded Moses.
In the events surrounding the birth of John the Baptist
Lk 1:15 John the Baptist filled with the Spirit from birth; Lk 1:41 Elizabeth filled with the Spirit and speaks words of praise; Lk 1:67 Zechariah prophesies about the life of John and God’s salvation
Luke 1:15 (NKJV) — 15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord, and shall drink neither wine nor strong drink. He will also be filled with the Holy Spirit, even from his mother’s womb.
Luke 1:41 (NKJV) — 41 And it happened, when Elizabeth heard the greeting of Mary, that the babe leaped in her womb; and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.
Luke 1:67 (NKJV) — 67 Now his father Zacharias was filled with the Holy Spirit, and prophesied, saying:
Jesus Christ is full of the Holy Spirit
Lk 4:1
Luke 4:1 (NKJV) — 1 Then Jesus, being filled with the Holy Spirit, returned from the Jordan and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness,
See also Lk 10:21; Jn 3:34; Ac 10:38
Luke 10:21 (NKJV) — 21 In that hour Jesus rejoiced in the Spirit and said, “I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight.
John 3:34 (NKJV) — 34 For He whom God has sent speaks the words of God, for God does not give the Spirit by measure.
Acts 10:38 (NKJV) — 38 how God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Spirit and with power, who went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed by the devil, for God was with Him.
NT terminology
Ac 1:5 While these terms are virtually synonymous when used of initial experiences of the Spirit, “filled” is also used to designate subsequent experiences and renewings of the same divine power, while the other terms are not.
Acts 1:5 (NKJV) — 5 for John truly baptized with water, but you shall be baptized with the Holy Spirit not many days from now.”
“Be filled with the Spirit”: an apostolic command
Eph 5:18 The present tense of the verb implies the need to be regularly filled and re-filled with the Spirit.
Ephesians 5:18 (NKJV) — 18 And do not be drunk with wine, in which is dissipation; but be filled with the Spirit,
“Filled with the Spirit”: a conscious experience of God’s power
Ac 2:4
Acts 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
See also Ac 4:31; Ac 9:17
Acts 4:31 (NKJV) — 31 And when they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken; and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
Acts 9:17 (NKJV) — 17 And Ananias went his way and entered the house; and laying his hands on him he said, “Brother Saul, the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you came, has sent me that you may receive your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit.”
“Full of the Spirit”: a consistent quality of Christian character
Ac 6:3–5
Acts 6:3–5 (NKJV) — 3 Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business; 4 but we will give ourselves continually to prayer and to the ministry of the word.” 5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude. And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
See also Ac 11:24; Ac 13:52
Acts 11:24 (NKJV) — 24 For he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord.
Acts 13:52 (NKJV) — 52 And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.
“Filled with the Spirit”: the inspiration to speak words of witness, challenge or rebuke
Ac 4:8 Peter testifying before the Sanhedrin; Ac 7:55 Stephen testifying to the Sanhedrin, seeing the glory of God; Ac 13:9 Paul rebuking Elymas
Acts 4:8 (NKJV) — 8 Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit, said to them, “Rulers of the people and elders of Israel:
Acts 7:55 (NKJV) — 55 But he, being full of the Holy Spirit, gazed into heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God,
Acts 13:9 (NKJV) — 9 Then Saul, who also is called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him
Characteristics of the Spirit-filled life
The Spirit of Christ should rule believers’ lives
Ro 8:4–6
Romans 8:4–6 (NKJV) — 4 that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. 5 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. 6 For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace.
See also Ga 5:16; Ga 5:25
Galatians 5:16 (NKJV) — 16 I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh.
Galatians 5:25 (NKJV) — 25 If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit.
The Spirit produces fruit of Christlike character
Ro 15:13; 2 Co 6:6; Ga 5:22–23
Romans 15:13 (NKJV) — 13 Now may the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.
2 Corinthians 6:6 (NKJV) — 6 by purity, by knowledge, by longsuffering, by kindness, by the Holy Spirit, by sincere love,
Galatians 5:22–23 (NKJV) — 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law.
The Spirit brings liberty
Ro 7:6
Romans 7:6 (NKJV) — 6 But now we have been delivered from the law, having died to what we were held by, so that we should serve in the newness of the Spirit and not in the oldness of the letter.
See also 2 Co 3:17; Ga 5:1
2 Corinthians 3:17 (NKJV) — 17 Now the Lord is the Spirit; and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is liberty.
Galatians 5:1 (NKJV) — 1 Stand fast therefore in the liberty by which Christ has made us free, and do not be entangled again with a yoke of bondage.
Being filled with the Spirit often leads to words of praise
Ac 2:4
Acts 2:4 (NKJV) — 4 And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance.
See also Ac 4:31; Ac 10:44–46; Ac 19:6; Eph 5:18–20
Acts 4:31 (NKJV) — 31 And when they had prayed, the place where they were assembled together was shaken; and they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and they spoke the word of God with boldness.
Acts 10:44–46 (NKJV) — 44 While Peter was still speaking these words, the Holy Spirit fell upon all those who heard the word. 45 And those of the circumcision who believed were astonished, as many as came with Peter, because the gift of the Holy Spirit had been poured out on the Gentiles also. 46 For they heard them speak with tongues and magnify God. Then Peter answered,
Acts 19:6 (NKJV) — 6 And when Paul had laid hands on them, the Holy Spirit came upon them, and they spoke with tongues and prophesied.
Ephesians 5:18–20 (NKJV) — 18 And do not be drunk with wine, in which is dissipation; but be filled with the Spirit, 19 speaking to one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing and making melody in your heart to the Lord, 20 giving thanks always for all things to God the Father in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ,
Characteristics linked with the fulness of the Spirit
Skill:
Ex 31:3; Ex 35:31
Exodus 31:3 (NKJV) — 3 And I have filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship,
Exodus 35:31 (NKJV) — 31 and He has filled him with the Spirit of God, in wisdom and understanding, in knowledge and all manner of workmanship,
Wisdom:
Dt 34:9; Ac 6:3
Deuteronomy 34:9 (NKJV) — 9 Now Joshua the son of Nun was full of the spirit of wisdom, for Moses had laid his hands on him; so the children of Israel heeded him, and did as the Lord had commanded Moses.
Acts 6:3 (NKJV) — 3 Therefore, brethren, seek out from among you seven men of good reputation, full of the Holy Spirit and wisdom, whom we may appoint over this business;
Joy:
Lk 10:21; Ac 13:52
Luke 10:21 (NKJV) — 21 In that hour Jesus rejoiced in the Spirit and said, “I thank You, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that You have hidden these things from the wise and prudent and revealed them to babes. Even so, Father, for so it seemed good in Your sight.
Acts 13:52 (NKJV) — 52 And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.
Faith:
Ac 6:5; Ac 11:24
Acts 6:5 (NKJV) — 5 And the saying pleased the whole multitude. And they chose Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, and Philip, Prochorus, Nicanor, Timon, Parmenas, and Nicolas, a proselyte from Antioch,
Acts 11:24 (NKJV) — 24 For he was a good man, full of the Holy Spirit and of faith. And a great many people were added to the Lord.
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