12.9 κύριοςa, ου m: (a title for God and for Christ) one who exercises supernatural authority over mankind—‘Lord, Ruler, One who commands’ (see also 37.51). ἄγγελος κυρίου κατ’ ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ ‘the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream’ Mt 1:20; χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ‘grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ’ 1 Cor 1:3.

The most common equivalent of ‘Lord’ is a term meaning ‘chief’ or ‘leader,’ but frequently this cannot be employed as a title for ‘God.’ One may, however, combine such an expression with a term for ‘God’ and employ a phrase meaning ‘God our leader’ or ‘God our chief.’ In some instances, however, a term for ‘Lord’ is related to a verb meaning ‘to command’ or ‘to order,’ and therefore ‘Lord’ is rendered as ‘the one who commands us’ and combined with ‘God’ may form a phrase such as ‘God, the one who commands us.’

37.9 ἐπίm: a marker of the object over which someone exercises a control or authority—‘over, with responsibility for.’ ὃς ἦν ἐπὶ πάσης

τῆς γάζης αὐτῆς ‘who is responsible for all her treasury’ Ac 8:27; καὶ βασιλεύσει ἐπὶ τὸν οἶκον Ἰακὼβ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας ‘and he will rule over the people of Jacob forever’ Lk 1:33.

37.107 χρίω; χρῖσμα, τος n: (figurative extensions of meaning of χρίω and χρῖσμα ‘to anoint,’ not occurring in the NT) to assign a person to a task, with the implication of supernatural sanctions, blessing, and endowment—‘to anoint, to assign, to appoint, assignment, appointment.’

χρίω: πνεῦμα κυρίου ἐπʼ ἐμέ, οὗ εἵνεκεν ἔχρισέν με εὐαγγελίσασθαι πτωχοῖς ‘the Spirit of the Lord is upon me; he has appointed me to preach the good news to the poor’ Lk 4:18.

χρῖσμα: ὑμεῖς χρῖσμα ἔχετε ἀπὸ τοῦ ἁγίου ‘you have been anointed by the Holy (Spirit)’ 1 Jn 2:20.

It is rare that one can employ a literal rendering of χρίω or χρῖσμα in such contexts as Lk 4:18 and 1 Jn 2:20, since ‘to pour oil upon someone’ as a means of conveying a supernatural blessing and endowment for a task is culturally very rare. A strictly literal rendering of χρίω or χρῖσμα as ‘to pour oil upon’ is likely to be interpreted either as an insult or as an event preparatory to setting a person on fire and thus to destroy or to torture. Accordingly, in place of a literal rendering of χρίω or χρῖσμα, it is often necessary to employ some such expression as ‘to be appointed by God’ or ‘to be given a special task by God.’

33.215 εὐαγγελίζω: to communicate good news concerning something (in the NT a particular reference to the gospel message about Jesus)—‘to tell the good news, to announce the gospel.’ ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ τῆς γραφῆς ταύτης εὐηγγελίσατο αὐτῷ τὸν Ἰησοῦν ‘starting from this very passage of Scripture, he told him the good news about Jesus’ Ac 8:35; ἀπεστάλην λαλῆσαι πρὸς σὲ καὶ εὐαγγελίσασθαι σοι ταῦτα ‘I have been sent to speak to you and tell you this good news’ Lk 1:19. In Lk 1:19, however, the reference is to the birth of John the Baptist.

57.53 πτωχόςa, ή, όν: pertaining to being poor and destitute, implying a continuous state—‘poor, destitute.’ εἰσέλθῃ δὲ καὶ πτωχὸς ἐν ῥυπαρᾷ ἐσθῆτι ‘but there comes in also a poor man in ragged clothing’ Jas 2:2. See comments at 57.51.

Since in all societies there are poor people, there is no difficulty involved in finding a suitable expression to designate such persons, but in some languages idiomatic phrases are used, for example, ‘those who walk in rags’ or ‘those whose ribs are always showing.’

15.66 πέμπωa; ἀποστέλλωa; ἀπολύωb: to cause someone to depart for a particular purpose—‘to send.’

πέμπωa: ἔδοξε … ἐκλεξαμένους ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν πέμψαι εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν σὺν τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ ‘decided … to choose some men from the group and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas’ Ac 15:22; ἐλπίζω δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ Τιμόθεον ταχέως πέμψαι ὑμῖν ‘I trust in the Lord Jesus that I will be able to send Timothy to you soon’ Php 2:19.

ἀποστέλλωa: ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ‘he sends two of his disciples’ Mk 11:1; ἀπέστειλέν με … εὐαγγελίζεσθαι ‘he sent me … to tell the good news’ 1 Cor 1:17.

ἀπολύωb: οἱ μὲν οὖν ἀπολυθέντες κατῆλθον εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν ‘then those who were sent arrived in Antioch’ Ac 15:30.

33.206 κηρύσσωa: to announce in a formal or official manner by means of a herald or one who functions as a herald—‘to announce, to proclaim.’ εἶδον ἄγγελον ἰσχυρὸν κηρύσσοντα ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ‘I saw a strong angel proclaiming in a loud voice’ Re 5:2.

ḥābaš is often used of “binding” on a bandage, and thus of medicating and healing the wounded.

HEART (Heb. mostly lēb; Gk. kardia). According to thorough investigation and evidence of Scripture in all its parts, the heart is the innermost center of the natural condition of man. The heart is: (1) the center of the bodily life, the reservoir of the entire life-power (Ps. 40:8, 10, 12) and indeed in the lowest physical sense, for eating and drinking, as strengthening of the heart (Judg. 19:5–6, 8–9; 1 Kings 21:7; Acts 14:17; etc.), becomes the strengthening of the whole man; (2) the center of the rational-spiritual nature of man; thus when a man determines upon anything, it is called to “presume” in his heart to do so (Esther 7:5, marg.); when he is strongly determined, he “stands firm in his heart” (1 Cor. 7:37); what is done gladly, willingly, and of set purpose, is done “obedient from the heart” (Rom. 6:17). The heart is the seat of love (1 Tim. 1:5) and of hatred (Lev. 19:17). Again, the heart is the center of thought and conception; the heart knows (Deut. 29:4; Prov. 14:10), it understands (Isa. 44:18; Acts 16:14), and it reflects (Luke 2:19). The heart is also the center of the feelings and affections: of joy (Isa. 65:14); of pain (Prov. 25:20; John 16:6); all degrees of ill will (Prov. 23:17; James 3:14); of dissatisfaction from anxiety (Prov. 12:25) to despair (Eccles. 2:20, KJV); all degrees of fear, from reverential trembling (Jer. 5:24) to blank terror (Deut. 28:28; Ps. 143:4); (3) the center of the moral life; so that all moral conditions, from the highest love of God (Ps. 73:26) even down to the self-deifying pride (Ezek. 28:2, 5–6), darkening (Rom. 1:21), and hardening (Isa. 6:10; 63:17; Jer. 16:12; 2 Cor. 3:15) are concentrated in the heart as the innermost life circle of humanity (1 Pet. 3:4). The heart is the laboratory and origin of all that is good and evil in thoughts, words, and deeds (Matt. 12:34; Mark 7:21); the rendezvous of evil lusts and passions (Rom. 1:24); a good or evil treasure (Luke 6:45); the place where God’s natural law is written in us (Rom. 2:15), as well as the law of grace (Isa. 51:7; Jer. 31:33); the seat of conscience (Heb. 10:22; 1 John 3:19–21); the field for the seed of the divine word (Matt. 13:19; Luke 8:15). It is the dwelling place of Christ in us (Eph. 3:17); of the Holy Spirit (2 Cor. 1:22); of God’s peace (Col. 3:15); the receptacle of the love of God (Rom. 5:5); the closet of secret communion with God (Eph. 5:19). It is the center of the entire man, the very hearth of life’s impulse.

37.132 ἄφεσιςb, εως f: the process of setting free or liberating—‘release, liberty.’ ἀπέσταλκέν με κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν ‘he has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives’ Lk 4:18.

55.25 αἰχμάλωτος, ου m: one who has been taken captive in war—‘captive, prisoner of war.’ ἀπέσταλκέν με κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν ‘he has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives’ Lk 4:18. In Lk 4:18 αἰχμάλωτος occurs on two levels: (1) in the literal sense of ‘being a captive of war’ and (2) in the broader sense of referring to all those who are oppressed by foreign domination.

24.42 ἀναβλέπωb; ἀνάβλεψις, εως f: to become able to see, whether for the first time or again—‘to gain sight, to be able to see, to regain one’s sight, gaining of sight.’

ἀναβλέπωb: τυφλοὶ ἀναβλέπουσιν ‘the blind become able to see’ Lk 7:22. There is nothing in the statement of Lk 7:22 to indicate whether this is a matter of being able to see for the first time or being able to regain one’s lost sight. It is, however, better to assume that it is a matter of regaining sight unless the context specifies ‘being blind from birth’ or ‘always blind.’

ἀνάβλεψις: ἀπέσταλκέν με κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν καὶ τυφλοῖς ἀνάβλεψιν ‘he has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives and the gaining of sight to the blind’ Lk 4:18.

24.38 τυφλόςa, ή, όν: pertaining to being unable to see—‘unable to see, blind.’ εἶδεν ἄνθρωπον τυφλὸν ἐκ γενετῆς ‘he saw a man who had been born blind’ Jn 9:1.

15.66 πέμπωa; ἀποστέλλωa; ἀπολύωb: to cause someone to depart for a particular purpose—‘to send.’

πέμπωa: ἔδοξε … ἐκλεξαμένους ἄνδρας ἐξ αὐτῶν πέμψαι εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν σὺν τῷ Παύλῳ καὶ Βαρναβᾷ ‘decided … to choose some men from the group and send them to Antioch with Paul and Barnabas’ Ac 15:22; ἐλπίζω δὲ ἐν κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ Τιμόθεον ταχέως πέμψαι ὑμῖν ‘I trust in the Lord Jesus that I will be able to send Timothy to you soon’ Php 2:19.

ἀποστέλλωa: ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ ‘he sends two of his disciples’ Mk 11:1; ἀπέστειλέν με … εὐαγγελίζεσθαι ‘he sent me … to tell the good news’ 1 Cor 1:17.

37.132 ἄφεσιςb, εως f: the process of setting free or liberating—‘release, liberty.’ ἀπέσταλκέν με κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν ‘he has sent me to proclaim liberty to the captives’ Lk 4:18.

22.22 θραύω; καταδυναστεύω; συμπνίγωc (a figurative extension of meaning employing the base πνίγωa ‘to choke,’ 19.53): to cause serious trouble to, with the implication of dire consequences and probably a weakened state—‘to cause severe hardship, to oppress, to overwhelm.’

θραύω: ἀποστεῖλαι τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει ‘to set free the oppressed’ or ‘… the downtrodden’ Lk 4:18.

καταδυναστεύω: καὶ ἰώμενος πάντας τοὺς καταδυναστευομένους ὑπὸ τοῦ διαβόλου ‘and healing all who were oppressed by the Devil’ Ac 10:38.

συμπνίγωc: ὑπὸ μεριμνῶν καὶ πλούτου καὶ ἡδονῶν τοῦ βίου πορευόμενοι συμπνίγονται ‘as they go on living, they are overwhelmed by the worries and riches and pleasures of daily life’ Lk 8:14.

33.206 κηρύσσωa: to announce in a formal or official manner by means of a herald or one who functions as a herald—‘to announce, to proclaim.’ εἶδον ἄγγελον ἰσχυρὸν κηρύσσοντα ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ ‘I saw a strong angel proclaiming in a loud voice’ Re 5:2.

67.146 ἐνιαυτόςb, οῦ m: a unit of time of indefinite length, possibly somewhat shorter than αἰώνa ‘age’ (67.143) but of a relatively uncertain reference—‘age, era, time.’ κηρύξαι ἐνιαυτὸν κυρίου δεκτόν ‘to announce the favorable time of the Lord’ (that is to say, an era in which the Lord bestows his favor) Lk 4:19.

25.85 δεκτόςa, ή, όν; ἀπόδεκτος, ον: pertaining to that which is pleasing in view of its being acceptable—‘pleasing, acceptable.’

δεκτόςa: ὁ φοβούμενος αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργαζόμενος δικαιοσύνην δεκτὸς αὐτῷ ἐστιν ‘whoever worships him and does what is right is acceptable to him’ Ac 10:35.

ἀπόδεκτος: τοῦτο καλὸν καὶ ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τοῦ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν θεοῦ ‘this is good and it pleases God our Savior’ 1 Tm 2:3.

In a number of languages it is necessary to restructure expressions containing ‘acceptable to’ or ‘pleasing to.’ For example, in Ac 10:35 it may be necessary to translate ‘God accepts whoever worships him and does what is right’ or ‘God is pleased with whoever worships him and does what is right.’ Similarly, in 1 Tm 2:3 one may translate ‘this is good, and God our Savior likes it’ or ‘… is happy because of it.’

12.9 κύριοςa, ου m: (a title for God and for Christ) one who exercises supernatural authority over mankind—‘Lord, Ruler, One who commands’ (see also 37.51). ἄγγελος κυρίου κατ’ ὄναρ ἐφάνη αὐτῷ ‘the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream’ Mt 1:20; χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν καὶ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ‘grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ’ 1 Cor 1:3.

The most common equivalent of ‘Lord’ is a term meaning ‘chief’ or ‘leader,’ but frequently this cannot be employed as a title for ‘God.’ One may, however, combine such an expression with a term for ‘God’ and employ a phrase meaning ‘God our leader’ or ‘God our chief.’ In some instances, however, a term for ‘Lord’ is related to a verb meaning ‘to command’ or ‘to order,’ and therefore ‘Lord’ is rendered as ‘the one who commands us’ and combined with ‘God’ may form a phrase such as ‘God, the one who commands us.’