Intro to the Church
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Social
Beginning in Acts
Time of Jesus till end of 1st century
Centered in Jerusalem
Largely a Jewish Movement
Spread from Jerusalem to Samaria and Judea, and to the ends of the earth
Very basic structure
Elders/Deacons/Ministers/Overseers->Apostles
Met wherever they could: purchased properties, houses, even catacombs
Varied Roman response
Illegal in some times and places
Not a universal persecution
Still, very strong persecution at certain times and places
Big two: Nero and Domitian
70 AD destruction of Jerusalem
Re-centers the church
Begins Christian/Jewish split
2nd-3rd Centuries
Still scattered persecution
Age of martyrs
Rise of the apologists
Christians beginning to publically defend faith against Greco-Roman detractors
Tertullian, Justin Martyr, Origen
Beginning of first few big Heresies
Gnosticism
Marcionism
Montanism
Christians start more clearly defining beliefs: philosophy (which is debated), canonization
4th Century
Conversion of Constantine
Christianity more socially acceptable
Likely already a huge presence among soldiers
More Heresies
Arianism
Nestorianism
Continuing to define beliefs: creeds and councils
These doctrines long precede the councils that made them official in primitive forms
5th-8th
More councils (7 total)
Rise of outside forces: Islam and “Barbarians”
Separation of Rome East/West
East Challenged by Rising Islamic forces
West virtually destroyed by invasion of Goths and Visigoths
Increasing Papal power
beginning with respected reputation of Roman bishops develops into self proclamation of more authority
9th-11th
Result of previous era: lack of contact between East and West
Filioque clause
Caused by anti-pneumatic heresies
West included clause without consulting the east
Big problem is not clause, but the way it is included
Bishop of Rome asserts authority, to shock of the East
Beginning crusades
Based on lingering animosity from Islamic invasions
Multiple crusades (8 from 1096-1291)
Great Schism: 1054
Caused by Filioque
Gradual process
Nail in the coffin: sack of Constantinople (crusades)
12th-15th
Growing Medieval church
Increased authority to papacy and magisterium
Increased division of laity and clergy
e..g communion practices
Building dissatisfaction
John Wycliffe
Jon Hus
16th-17th Reformation
Martin Luther
95 Theses
Rulers take opportunity to break free from Papacy
No “good” side necessarily
John Calvin
French leader of Reformation
Anglicanism
King Henry break off because of divorce
Anabaptists
Multiple splinter factions. Many throw away traditions entirely
18th-Now
Great Revivals
Constant Reform
LIberalism vs. Fundamentalism
Ecumenical movement
Church as an Ideal
Body of Christ
Spirit vs. institutionalism? Why not both?
Problems with all traditions: Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox
Seeking Unity, awaiting Christ