Sermon Tone Analysis

*INTRODUCTION*

Not only do we have a contrast between the old Israel and the new, we also have a contrast between the old world and the new, between the old heavens and old earth, and the new heavens and the new earth.

*THE TEXT:*

/8//Howbeit then, when ye knew not God, ye did service unto them which by nature are no gods.

//9//But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?

//10//Ye observe days, and months, and times, and years.

//11//I am afraid of you, lest I have bestowed upon you labour in vain/ (Gal.

4:8-11).

*OVERVIEW*

Back when the Gentiles did not know God, they offered service or obedience to entities which by nature were not true gods (v.

8).

But now these Gentles know God, or rather, Paul says, correcting himself, are known by God.

How is it then that they turn back to bondage?

Why do they go back to the /stoichea/, those weak and beggarly elements (v.

9)?

How is this turning back manifested?

It is manifested through a zeal for days, months, times, and years—all ways of cleaning the outside of the cup (v.

10).

Paul is fearful over them, afraid that all his work with them was vanity (v.

11).

*THE OLD WORLD, JEW AND GENTILE*

The old order of things has passed away.

That includes the witness God had established for Himself in that old order, which was the old Israel.

In the old order, the Gentiles used to be in bondage to the elementals, and the Jews were in the bondage of having to learn her lessons.

In that old order, the Jews were the elect people of God, but now that Gentiles have been included in the household of faith in the new world, for those Gentiles to go back to the godly old order /is still going back to the old order/.

*KNOWN BY GOD*

The Gentile knowledge of God is the result of the grace of God.

But if we speak this way too readily we can come to forget that it is in fact grace.

So we remind ourselves that the Gentiles were known by God first, and as a result they came to know Him.

*WEAK AND BEGGARLY ELEMENTS*

This idea of the /stoichea/ was common in the ancient world.

Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics all shared this view of the cosmos as made up of earth, air, water and fire.

Aristotle added the possible fifth element of ether.

Paul says that these things are /by nature/ not gods.

He is implying, further, that for residents of the new order to return to the Mosaic code, which was by nature /from /God, was tantamount to returning to the pagan idolatry that was pervasive in the ancient world.

Note also that the /stoichea /are fundamental to the philosophy of the ancients.

Philosophy and cosmology are /not /separable.

There is one use of the word to refer to the basic principles of Christian teaching (Heb.

5:12).

Here in Galatians the word refers to the rudiments of the old world.

In Colossians (2:8,20), it refers to the rudiments of the world, in opposition to Christ, of which philosophy was the natural expression.

In Christ, we are dead to the /stoichea/.

In 2 Pet.

3:10-12 /stoichea /refers to that old heaven and earth that was to be replaced by the new heavens and new earth.

The parallel between this passage and Jude (17-19) shows us that this great transition occurred in the first century.

*DAYS, MONTHS, TIMES AND YEARS*

Now remember the temptation the Galatians were facing—they were being enticed to accept circumcision, along with the rest of the Mosaic requirements.

This would involve the ancient Israelite calendar, with all its anticipation of Christ, as though He had not come.

Such cyclic observance of times (as a spiritual /duty/) is infantilism.

Does this same temptation occur for those who follow the Christian year?

Yes, it can, depending on /why /the seasons are observed, and /how /they are observed.

*LABOR IN VAIN*

Paul is assuming that God has really intervened in their lives.

He assumes that they are known of God.

At the same time, he fears that his labor with him may have been in vain.

Nothing is more apparent than the fact that Paul is dealing with the Galatians in covenantal terms.

He is not saying that he, Paul, has seen the secret decree concerning them.

But he does know their place in the covenant.

Because he has not seen the decree, he fears that they might fall.

They are showing clear signs of their readiness to fall.

But because he knows their standing in Christ, he speaks of them as known by God in the covenant.

He does not treat apostasy and perseverance as an abstract math problem.

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*SHORT CATECHISM FOR LITTLE SAINTS*

 

We are known by God, and because this is so, we know that the world was made new.

*Review Question:*

Can a baby be rich?

/            Yes, but they won’t know until later./

/ /

*Catechism Question:*

Do you know God?

/            Yes, but only because He knew me first./